Online Journalism and the New Media; Implications for...

INTRODUCTION The new media announces a new period of media development in the world over, it is the one that preaches the significance of new communications technologies. The new media is not just a kind of information technology but also part and parcel of the social being of man in this modern society. At the threshold of this fairly new millennium (2000 A.D.), there was a sporadic turn-around in the existing branches of the global media. This catapulted the world into a new information order that forcefully attempted to erode the conventional media. This turn-around made the traditional media ¡Ã‚ ¦s dictators and gatekeepers to loose their hold. The sub  ¡V editors, and editors who control what comes into the news, and by implication, what†¦show more content†¦Dominick 2005: 312 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE To best understand the thematic preoccupation of this work, the concept of critical mass theory as it applies to the adoption of a new communication technology is desirable and would be used. The term comes from physics, where critical mass refers to the minimum amount of material needed to trigger and sustain a radioactive chain reaction. The term has been loosely applied to communication and refers to the minimum number of people needed as adopters before a new communication technology can have a permanent place in the society Kaye and Medoff, 2001. Williams, Strover and Grant (1994) corroborate An interesting aspect of the critical mass perspective is that widespread use appears to have a snowball effect. Once a perceived critical mass is using the technology, those without it are strongly motivated to adopt it. The reasoning here is that despite the drawbacks, such as cost or difficulty in using the technology, people (and institutions) are pressured to adopt the technology because failure to do so may exclude them from existing communication networks. Markus (1987), while making a case for the adoption of interactive communication technologies, suggested three propositions in the adoption process as cited in Kaye and Medoff (2001). First, the adoption and use of technology is anShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Technological Change And Cultural Change2621 Words   |  11 Pagesthe last decade and these changes have affected all aspects of life including media. The advent of social media tools such as twitter and facebook means users do not have to wait to get to k now about particular news. In other words, they have instant access to news today and this was not the case about 15 years ago. During the Pre-Internet era, people had to wait for news to get published in their local news and this news that eventually came to them were filtered and edited to ensure that people heardRead MoreWhy Democracy Needs an Investigative Journalism1815 Words   |  8 PagesDemocracy†. -Thomas Jefferson In the world we are living today, investigative journalism is becoming a significant part in our daily lives as it informs, unleash and reveals us the happenings in our community, society, government and in the country. Having the democracy to exercise and express our freedom of the press, which was have been suppressed before, during the Marcos regime, we can say that the Philippine news media’s role is critical to the advancement and preservation of the country’s democraticRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagesnot a rigorous social science theory. In this article, I argue just the opposite, and any attempt to speculate on the future direction of mass communication theory must seriously include the uses and gratifications approach. In this article, I assert that the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communicationsRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesBusiness and Magazine Journalism (combination of Niche I and II) 1 Growing importance of business journalism, a brief history (2) 2 The structure of financial management in the country starting with the Finance Minister, (5) rest of the bureaucracy, RBI governor, Planning Commission, SEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressingRead More The Influence of the Media on Politics Essays4124 Words   |  17 PagesInfluence of the Media on Politics Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one. This quote by A.J. Liebling illustrates the reality of where the media stands in todays society. Over the past twenty years there has been an increase in power throughout the media with regard to politics. The medias original purpose was to inform the public of the relevant events that occurred around the world. The job of the media is to search out the truth and relay that news to the people.Read MoreHegemony and Discourse : Negotiating Cultural Relationships Through Media Production8970 Words   |  36 PagesJournalism http://jou.sagepub.com/ Hegemony and discourse : Negotiating cultural relationships through media production Michael Robert Evans Journalism 2002 3: 309 DOI: 10.1177/146488490200300302 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jou.sagepub.com/content/3/3/309 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journalism can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jou.sagepub.com/subscriptionsRead MoreEffects of the Social Media on Relationship Trends of University Students9686 Words   |  39 PagesNAME OF PROJECT: THE EFFECTS OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA ON RELATIONSHIP TRENDS BY: SARAI WANJIKU NJENGA I.D # : 621920 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE JOURNALISM PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE JRN 3024 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH USIU JOURNALISM PROGRAM 2011 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my original work. It has not been presented to any other institution for any other purpose. Name : Sarai Wanjiku Njenga Signature : ____________________ Read MoreEssay on The Media Violence Debate3490 Words   |  14 PagesTHE MEDIA VIOLENCE DEBATE Introduction Television and video games are favorite ways teenagers spend their leisure hours. Parents and teens themselves have wondered about their effects because of numerous concerns raised with regards to the negative influences that these form of entertainment bring. Many of today’s children grow up with a television at home or even in their own rooms and there have been studies dedicated to the analysisRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 Pagesthe United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and SportscastingRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagesthe United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and Sportscasting

Business Relationships Within A Business Network Context

1. Acs, Z.J., Morck, R.K. and Yeung, B. (2001), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, globalisation, and public policy†, Journal of International Management, 7, pp. 235-51. 2. Alvarez, S.A. Busenitz L.W., (2001) The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), p. 755-775 3. Anderson, J., Hakansson, H. and Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), p.1. 4. Andersson, S. Ingemar W. (2003) Innovative Internationalisation in New firms: Born Globals - the Swedish Case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp. 249–276. 5. Andersson, S. (2000) The internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective. International Studies of Management and†¦show more content†¦(1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99-120. 11. Beamish, P., Lee C. (2003) The Characteristics and Performance of Affiliates of Small and Medium-Size Multinational Enterprises in an Emerging Market. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp. 121–134. 12. Bloodgood, J.M., Sapienza H.J., Almeida J.G.(1996) The internationalization of new high-potential U.S. ventures: antecedents and outcomes. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20 (4), pp. 61-76 13. Boter, H. and Holmquist, C. (1996). Industry characteristics and internationalization processes in small firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), pp.471-487. 14. Cerrato, D. and Piva, M. (2010). The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: the effect of family management, human capital and foreign ownership. Journal of Management Governance, 16(4), pp.617-644. 15. Chang, J. (2011). The early and rapid internationalization of Asian emerging MNEs. Competitiveness Review, 21(2), pp.171-187. 16. Child, J. and Rodrigues, S. (2005). The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?[1]. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), pp.381-410. 17. Chua, J., Chrisman, J. and Steier, L. (2003). Extending the Theoretical Horizons of Family Business Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), pp.331-338. 18. Cieslik, J. And Kaciak, E. (2009). The Speed of Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Start-Ups in

Iran nuclear deal Free Essays

Iran’s Nuclear Deal: Challenges and Opportunities Air Commodore (R) Khalid Iqbal These days, almost everyone is curious about an erratic and hence potentially troublesome nuclear deal reached between Iran and the P 5+1 (read America). Soon after the agreement, the two sides have begun interpreting it in opposite directions. Americans are claiming that Iran would have to significantly roll back its nuclear programme, whereas Iranian interpretation does not endorse this point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Iran nuclear deal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon the IAEA’s version would start pouring in to further compound the confusion. Moreover, Obama may not be able to hold the Israeli pressure and congressional dynamics. Hence, America may backtrack. Immediately after the agreement, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov summarized the deal as: â€Å"This deal means that we agree that it is necessary to recognize Iran’s right to peaceful atoms, including the right to enrichment, provided that the questions that remain to the Iranian nuclear programme and the programme itself come under strict control of the IAEA. This is the final goal, but it has already been set in today’s document. The opponents of the deal insist that Iran has retained its potential to create a nuclear weapon. The whole of its Uranium enrichment infrastructure remains intact. A disappointed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: â€Å"l emphasize: the deal does not envisage the elimination of a single centrifuge. † Many experts are of the view that Iran’s large nuclear infrastructure, which consists of so me 17,000 enrichment centrifuges, is needed if a country has 12-15 operating nuclear plants which have to be supplied with fuel rods. Of now Iran has only one nuclear power plant, in Bushehr, which receives its fuel from Russia. Iran has agreed to stringent intrusive monitoring and control procedures employing video cameras, meters and snap inspections. Interestingly it has been allowed to manufacture centrifuges to replace those becoming non-functional. The number would however stay constant. Iran had never put forward its claim to the necessity of nuclear weapons; it had all along been advocating a WMD free zone in the Middle East. According to the details of the agreement, Iran will halt enrichment of uranium above 5 percent purity for the next six months, retain half of its 20 percent enriched Uranium and dispose off emaining half by diluting it to less than 5 percent enrichment level. Iran has agreed that it will not make any further advances of its activities at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant, Fordow, or the Arak reactor. However, Iran will continue its safeguarded R;D practices, including its current enrichment R; D practices, which are not designed for accumulation of the enriched Uranium. It will not construct any additional facility capable of reprocessing. In addition, its nuclear facilities in Fordo and Natanz will come under the IAEA control, while the construction of a heavy-water greement, to be negotiated within one year after implementation of interim agreement, Iran’s nuclear would be treated at par with other NNWS member of the NPT. In return for the interim agreement, the P5+1 group, (read the United States and the ELI), have agreed to ease some of the sanctions against Iran. This will allow Iran to resume limited trade relations with the United States in the oil and gas, petrochemical and automotive sectors as well as trading in gold and precious metals. The resulting benefit for Iran will amount to $5-7 billion. Indeed in the aftermath of his agreement, many bluffs have been called. Iran stands on high moral ground because its long-time stance of not building nuclear weapons stands validated. However, Iranians are known for their farsightedness and shrewd diplomacy; it would be naive to believe that they have signed an agreement for grabbing Just IJS$ 7 billion. Likewise, Americans are also no raw to let Iran retain critical capability of enriching Uranium up to 20 percent mark and remain content with cosmetic un-enriching of already enriched Uranium. Mark Urban’s story aired on BBC on November 06, that Pakistan has given final touches to he nuclear weapons in compliance to the Saudi order and, proverbially, the caravan of camels carrying the nukes would start marching towards Saudi Arabia on Kings wink of eye, has fallen flat on the ground. Like Iran, Saudi Arabia is also a signatory and compliant of the NPT, and it has also never strived for any nuclear pursuits beyond its obligations as a NNWS member of the NPT. The interim nuclear understanding has indeed thrown up an opportunity for the Americans to recede from their position of untenable rhetoric and retool their relations with Iran. Since the fall of Iranian monarchy, America has been running rom pillar to post for discovering its new sustainable and robust moorings in Asia in general and in the Middle East in particular. It has not been able to find a substitute to â€Å"Shah’s Iran†. Sustainable and functional Iran-US relations could offer much relief to America in many ways. America needs to shed at least a bit of Israeli baggage to make way for some patchy and truncated Palestinian state. Moreover, America is looking for a face saving political settlement in Syria, which also needs Iranian cooperation. Furthermore, Iranian influence in Afghanistan gives it a spoiler’s role in the context 2 of post 2014 Afghanistan. The interim nuclear agreement with Iran provides America an opportunity of harnessing Iranian help in achieving these objectives. Iran has recently inaugurated Afghanistan’s alternative access to warm waters via Chahbahar. Americans are desperate to find an alternative to their troublesome supply routes passing through Pakistan as well as the circuitous and expensive Northern Distribution Network. American relationship with Saudi Arabia is on decline and Saudis are further unhappy with the US for not doing enough against Iran. America’s rapprochement with Iran would offset its critical dependence on Saudi Arabia. As of now, the US is coping with its politico-military failures in Iraq and Afghanistan. llies that would like to drag the United States into military operations in Libya and Syria – a hard sell to a common American. With most of the Arab countries consumed by the strains of the Arab spring, America may be feeling the necessity to reconfgure the Middle East. These constraints might have prompted the US to engage with Iran, which may be ready to own Shah’s vision of becoming a policeman of the Gulf. If so, such a move could restore pre 1979 the balance of power in the Middle East, when Iran served as a linchpin of Gulf security. America’s attitude to the Iranian nuclear program has undergone a sudden change and the nuclear deal could herald a change of balance of power in the Middle East. It may be an equivalent of America’s unprecedented rapprochement in its relations with the Communist China in 1970. Agreement provides a window of opportunity to revive the IPl project. Iran and Pakistan have already decided to fast track the IP portion of the project. There are indicators that donors are now showing willingness to fund the IP project. However, even if India Jumps in, Pakistan should go for completing the IP first, and later lay dditional pipeline for India. IP should not be delayed for reverting back to the integrated IPl version. Pakistan had persistently urged for a non-military solution to the standoff over Iran’s nuclear programme. It has, therefore, welcomed the interim arrangement. Events unfolding during the next six months would be crucial. Pakistan needs to be watchful and prepared to confront malicious attempts to drag it into nuclear controversies. 3 {Carried by the Nation on December 02, 2013 under the heading: A Leap Forward}. Writer is Consultant Policy Email:Khalid3408@gmail. com and 4 Strategic Response at IPRI. How to cite Iran nuclear deal, Papers

The Term Market Positioning Strategy

Question: Discuss the term market positioning strategy. Answer: The term market positioning strategy is defined as the effort put on in order to influence the perception of the individuals about a particular brand or product compared to the perception of the consumers about the other competing brands or products (Hollensen, 2015). The objective of designing a market positioning strategy is to occupy a unique, clear and advantageous position in the market. According to Wilson and Gilligan (2012), the most relevant marketing dimensions that can be used for Cialis, in order to create useful segments can be classified in two categories, Demographic and Psychographic. The demographic segment contains age, marital status, income, education and occupational structure. On the other hand, the psychographic segments include values and patterns of usage. Age is considered to be a dimension that can be valued as it has a strong correlation with the erectile disorder disease. On the other hand, it is also evident from the data that most of the men who are suffering from erectile disorder are either, married or living together with their partner. Depending on the patterns of the male population with erectile disorder can broadly be divided into three segments namely the young adults, stable husbands and the retired seniors (Foxall, 2014). This segmentation is done purely done by taking into account the income and the educational qualification of the individuals as this determines the purchasing power of the consumers. Based on the segmentation above the company will address the stable husbands. As the retired seniors are the one who are mostly subject to erectile dysfunction, they are the most lucrative target for the company. Therefore, addressing them will give rise to a head to head competition with a renowned brand such as Viagra. Thus, the company has selected the category of stable husbands with erectile dysfunction. According to the data provided in the case study, among all men between the age group of 30-65 in USA and Europe, nearly 15% suffers from erectile dysfunction. As more than 150 million men all over the world suffer from chronic erectile disorder the company will be able to target nearly 22.5 million of men with erectile disorder along with some of them with moderate or lower erectile disorder (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). The main analysis that the company will have to perform is that, to find out the total number of married persons and the number of persons living with their partners and the purchasing power of them. This will allow the company to address a appropriate segment of the market that has been dominated by Viagra. Again, as the men with erectile dysfunction ranges from newlyweds to the golden wedding stages, this signifies that these men will naturally value the stability of their relationship and the accomplishment. The ability to perform sexual activities of the husbands when gets lowered, they starts to feel incompetent and losses confidence in their daily life as well. As a result, they lose focus on their daily duties (Pealoza, Toulouse Visconti, 2013). This remarkable trait will help Cialis to succeed in this segment. In addition to this, it can easily be assumed that the persons with erectile dysfunction at this age are more likely to be a Viagra dropout or currently using Viagra. Therefore, it can be said that the safe nitrate level of Cialis will help them to gain an added advantage from these segment of population (Ofek, 2006). According to Nordhielm and Depena-Baron (2013), the drug will not only address the stable husbands but also the other potential customers, who are suffering from erectile dysfunctions. These customers are prospective to the company, as they will also spread the long lasting effect of the pill. On an added note, the advantage of this pill is that it can be taken at any point of time not during the time of sexual activities. It also helps the individuals to get satisfied about the course of action without any interruption (Kotler et al., 2016). Moreover, the people who wants want to test the effects of the medicine can also be targeted as the medicine comes with significantly low side effects. Therefore, targeting the young individuals who are in an active sexual relationship will be useful to the company. As these young people constitute a large portion of the population, targeting them will help the company to target a significantly large population. The following steps will determine the market positioning strategy of the company, Target As stated previously the company will target the stable husbands. It can be state from the demographic structure that the men from the age group 30 to 65 are a part of the intricate relationship. Therefore targeting them will yield fruitful results for the company. Frame of Reference The Cialis drug operates in the market of erectile dysfunction patients. In accordance with the data obtained in 2001, the global estimation depicts that there are almost 150 million men who are suffering from erectile dysfunction and they are aged between 40 to 70 (Ofek, 2006). The main competitor in the market is Viagra (Ashman Patterson, 2015). Points of Difference The Cialis drug is different in various aspects; it is effective and lasts for a long time. It is safe to use and the types of food ingested cannot affect its activity. In the context of efficiency, the drug is the most efficient one if compared with any of the prevalent drugs in the market. In order to conclude it can be said that the company has used the most effective marketing mix strategy to determine the market for the Cialis. Again the segmentation as performed by the Cialis has determined the target segment of the stable husbands, however, the case study suggests that the company may also target the young individuals as well (Nna et al., 2014). As these persons are actively involved in sexual activities, they will be a prospective source of customers to the company. As the market positioning strategy of the company is perfectly designed, it can be expected that the company will obviously get prosperous results in near future. Reference List Ashman, R., Patterson, A. (2015). Seeing the big picture in services marketing research: infographics, SEM and data visualisation.Journal of Services Marketing,29(6/7), 613-621. Foxall, G. (2014).Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2016).Marketing management. Pearson. Mudie, P., Pirrie, A. (2012).Services marketing management. Routledge. Nna, V. U., Ani, E. J., Ofutet, E. O., Ofem, O. E., Iroh, C. E., Osim, E. E. (2014). Recurrent side effects following chronic recreational use of sexual stimulants among male subjects in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.Der Pharmacia Lettre,6(6), 56-61. Nordhielm, C., Depena-Baron, M. (2013).Marketing management: The big picture. Wiley Global Education. Ofek, E. (2006). Product team Cialis: Getting ready to market. Harvard Business School. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N., Visconti, L. M. (Eds.). (2013).Marketing management: A cultural perspective. Routledge. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example

The Satanic Bible Review Paper Essay on The Satanic Bible Well, of course, no such name is impossible to scare. Even surprise And it is not so interesting LaVey and others like them, that he supposedly makes over something to think about and something calls into question -. Any intelligent person who has read carefully the Bible, he finds reasons for doubt, hesitation and comparisons . Interestingly another. Occultism as a phenomenon has its roots in Gnosticism the same cult of sacred knowledge, the same primacy chosen knowledgeable and, accordingly, vsedozvodennosti. Creates what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is subject to the will.., As another figure who has put the occult on a conveyor belt business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Demonessy demons, gods and succubi children and so on. Can change disguises and dance around this ancient fire indefinitely. One thing remains unchanged the deceptive ease of acquiring knowledge (immortality, salvation, liberation to continue the list yourself). but this has nothing to Horsham no. For it is said: the gates of salvation cramped We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They (the Gnostics, and hence the occultists) writes S. Trubetskoy there is an extreme expression of the spiritual Gnostics plebeians parvenus, successful bourgeois, stretched the winning ticket.. and therefore truly despise all who are left behind, the elect of the ship. and, as this world is, in their opinion, trash and dirt, the expression from rags to riches can be attributed to him literally. And further: At first, they seem innocuous enough: a small group of curious oddballs unearths some mystery of the ancient sages (In the old era - the secret revelation ). All this the indigestible and boring nonsense (Berdyaev compared the book Blavatsky with a manual on mineralogy), however, it has one attractive feature the effect of the grandfather points (remember the cartoon: owlet noticed that his grandfather the wise owl before you give another advice wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet decided that all the secrets of wisdom are enclosed in these glasses.. Points he certainly pulled off, and even sang a song: I have a magic glasses Ill wear them, and in an instant, one-two, one-two, know all, like an owls grandfather!). Oh, those once or twice! .. However difficult it is to read these writings (and remember, and that hard!), The most important thing is that they do not need to comprehend and understand. No strenuous thought, no spiritual efforts read the booklet, and up t o date (if by so hated them educated soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew exactly that with him we can not agree). Ease ascent is attracting new followers, and gradually in the community to create a state of mind, the background against which such phenomena as, say, Nazism, does not seem to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Essay on The Satanic Bible Well, of course, no such name is impossible to scare. Even surprise And it is not so interesting LaVey and his ilk, he supposedly makes over something to think about and something calls into question -. Any intelligent person reading carefully the Old and New Testament, he finds reasons to doubt reflection and comparisons. Interestingly another. Occultism as a phenomenon has its roots in Gnosticism the same cult of sacred knowledge, the same primacy chosen knowledgeable and, accordingly, their permissiveness. Creates what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is subject to the will.., As another figure who has put the occult on a conveyor belt business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Well said, no doubt, but this makes the country conclusions radically contradict the Christian Love covers everything. They say, feel the difference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The demons, demoness, gods and succubi children and so on. Can change disguises and dance around this ancient fire indefinitely. One thing remains unchanged the deceptive ease of acquiring knowledge (immortality, salvation, liberation to continue the list yourself). but this has nothing good. For it is said: the gates of salvation cramped They (the Gnostics, and hence the occultists) wrote a famous scholar of Gnosticism SN Trubetskoy there is an extreme expression of the spiritual Gnostics plebeians parvenus, successful bourgeois.. stretched a winning ticket, and therefore genuinely despise all who are left behind, the ships choices. and, as this world is, in their opinion, trash and dirt, the expression from rags to riches can be attributed to him literally. And further: At first, they seem innocuous enough: a small group of curious oddballs Rusk really adequate some mystery of the ancient sages (in the old era - the secret revelation ) All this -. indigestible and boring nonsense (Berdyaev compared Blavatskys book with a directory of Mineralogy), however, it has one attractive feature the effect of the grandfather points (remember the cartoon: owlet noticed that his grandfather the wise owl before you give another advice wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet decided that all the secrets of wisdom are enclosed in these glasses.. Points he certainly pulled off, and even sang a song: I have a magic glasses Ill wear them, and in an instant, one-two, one-two, know all, like an owls grandfather!). Oh, those once or twice! .. However difficult it is to read these writings (and remember, and that hard!), The most important thing is that they do not need to comprehend and understand. No strenuous thought, no spiritual efforts read the booklet, and up to date (if by so hated them educated soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew exactly that with him we can not agree). Ease ascent is attracting new followers, and gradually in the community to create a state of mind, the background against which such phenomena as, say, Nazism, does not seem to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Essay on The Satanic Bible Well, of course, no such name is impossible to scare. Even surprise And it is not so interesting LaVey and his ilk, he supposedly makes over something to think about and something calls into question -. Any intelligent person who has read carefully the Bible, he finds reasons for doubt, hesitation and comparisons . Interestingly another. Occultism as a phenomenon has its roots in Gnosticism the same cult of sacred knowledge, the same primacy chosen knowledgeable and, accordingly, vsedozvodennosti. Creates what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is subject to the will.., As another figure who has put the occult on a conveyor belt business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Demonessy demons, gods and succubi children and so on. Can change disguises and dance around this ancient fire indefinitely. One thing remains unchanged the deceptive ease of acquiring knowledge (immortality, salvation, liberation to continue the list yourself). but this has nothing to Horsham no. For it is said: the gates of salvation cramped We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They (the Gnostics, and hence the occultists) wrote a famous scholar of Gnosticism SN Trubetskoy there is an extreme expression of the spiritual Gnostics plebeians parvenus, successful bourgeois.. stretched a winning ticket, and therefore genuinely despise all who are left behind, the ships choices. and, as this world is, in their opinion, trash and dirt, the expression from rags to riches can be attributed to him literally. And further: At first, they seem innocuous enough: a small group of curious oddballs Rusk really adequate some mystery of the ancient sages (in the old era - the secret revelation ) All this -. indigestible and boring nonsense (Berdyaev compared Blavatskys book with a directory of Mineralogy), however, it has one attractive feature the effect of the grandfather points (remember the cartoon: owlet noticed that his grandfather the wise owl before you give another advice wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet decided that all the secrets of wisdom are enclosed in these glasses.. Points he certainly pulled off, and even sang a song: I have a magic glasses Ill wear them, and in an instant, one-two, one-two, know all, like an owls grandfather!). Oh, those once or twice! .. However difficult it is to read these writings (and remember, and that hard!), The most important thing is that they do not need to comprehend and understand. No strenuous thought, no spiritual efforts read the booklet, and up to date (if by so hated them educated soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew exactly that with him we can not agree). Ease ascent is attracting new followers, and gradually in the community to create a state of mind, the background against which such phenomena as, say, Nazism, does not seem to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Essay on The Satanic Bible here often come across such headlines. Write a full and review by both reasons it is impossible, but not the strength to remain silent:) My reason I have not finished reading the book 🙂 Percent somewhere 30 left but his fingers already itch. Already sketched drafts and workpiece, so that a complete and versatile review definitely will! But later In the meantime, I want to say that the book I really like. Im sure it did not completely agree (what I will write later), but very happy that I found. Thank you for this Bukmiksu general, and Mary, in particular! Her review accurately reflects the essence immediately clear whether or not to read the book. My will be somewhat different but well see And now I want to tell a small episode, which prompted me to write this short article. I love to read books in the train. Not so shaking in metro (subway I listen to audiobooks! :)), better lighting, and time passes with use. But there are nuances For example, sometimes people hard stare over his shoulder. Not very annoying, but still it is in some ways a violation of personal space Whatever it was, I sit down today and turn your poketbuk. I finish the page, and click scrolling. It was at this point (see the corner of his eye), the girl next door decides to satisfy their curiosity. Next proudly begins with a large headline: Three Types of Satanic Ritual! Shoulders and knees (Im not curled up to the girls, its narrow benches! :)) I feel like just wave passes through it. Wade means. First, even somehow embarrassed, but then I thought but because of what exactly? She ran into 🙂 And the book teaches us not to be ashamed of their interests:) We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In general, girls! Be careful in your curiosity! 🙂 The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Essay on The Satanic Bible here often come across such headlines. Write a full and review by both reasons it is impossible, but not the strength to remain silent:) My reason I have not finished reading the book 🙂 Percent somewhere 30 left but his fingers already itch. Already sketched drafts and workpiece, so that a complete and versatile review definitely will! But later In the meantime, I want to say that the book I really like. Im sure it did not completely agree (what I will write later), but very happy that I found. Thank you for this Bukmiksu general, and Mary, in particular! Her review accurately reflects the essence immediately clear whether or not to read the book. My will be somewhat different but well see And now I want to tell a small episode, which prompted me to write this short article. I love to read books in the train. Not so shaking in metro (subway I listen to audiobooks! :)), better lighting, and time passes with use. But there are nuances For example, sometimes people hard stare over his shoulder. Not very annoying, but still it is in some ways a violation of personal space Whatever it was, I sit down today and turn your poketbuk. I finish the page, and click scrolling. It was at this point (see the corner of his eye), the girl next door decides to satisfy their curiosity. Next proudly begins with a large headline: Three Types of Satanic Ritual! Shoulders and knees (Im not curled up to the girls, its narrow benches! :)) I feel like just wave passes through it. Wade means. First, even somehow embarrassed, but then I thought but because of what exactly? She ran into 🙂 And the book teaches us not to be ashamed of their interests:) We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Satanic Bible Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In general, girls! Be careful in your curiosity! 🙂

Free Essays on Gunshot Wounds

Running head: GUNSHOT WOUNDS Abstract The following research paper is on gunshot wounds. One of the major topics that will be discussed in this paper is the velocity of the bullet when it enters the body. Handgun bullets have low velocity and low energy, while rifle bullets are high in both velocity and energy. Additionally, close contact gunshot wounds, intermediate wounds, distant wounds, and exit wounds will be explored. The author will also discuss the individual characteristics of a bullet, including size, shape, and location of ejector and extractor marks. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the many ways to identify a suicide by a gunshot wound will be discussed, due to the complexities encountered when dealing with this issue. Gunshot Wounds As our society today becomes more and more violent, we continue to see the number of gunshot wounds on a daily basis increase. In my opinion the reason that this type of wound is so common is because guns are so easy to use, and they are very accessible. Gunshot wounds are extremely devastating and in a number of cases, result in death. Military literature documents that at least 40% of casualties on a battlefield are due to penetrating head trauma, of which at least 70% are attributed directly to posterior fossa injuries (Yuceer, 1999). Gunshot wounds are not always the result of homicide or suicide, however. In our country there are a great number of accidental shootings each year. This is one problem that must be fixed in our society. There are three basic types of gunshot wounds that I would like to discuss. The first type of wound is a contact wound. This type of wound occurs when the muzzle of the firing gun comes in contact, or a few inches from the body. When the barrel of the gun has contacted the skin, gases are released and pass into the subcutaneous tissues, causing a stellate shaped laceration (Jones, 2004). Some characteristics of... Free Essays on Gunshot Wounds Free Essays on Gunshot Wounds Running head: GUNSHOT WOUNDS Abstract The following research paper is on gunshot wounds. One of the major topics that will be discussed in this paper is the velocity of the bullet when it enters the body. Handgun bullets have low velocity and low energy, while rifle bullets are high in both velocity and energy. Additionally, close contact gunshot wounds, intermediate wounds, distant wounds, and exit wounds will be explored. The author will also discuss the individual characteristics of a bullet, including size, shape, and location of ejector and extractor marks. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the many ways to identify a suicide by a gunshot wound will be discussed, due to the complexities encountered when dealing with this issue. Gunshot Wounds As our society today becomes more and more violent, we continue to see the number of gunshot wounds on a daily basis increase. In my opinion the reason that this type of wound is so common is because guns are so easy to use, and they are very accessible. Gunshot wounds are extremely devastating and in a number of cases, result in death. Military literature documents that at least 40% of casualties on a battlefield are due to penetrating head trauma, of which at least 70% are attributed directly to posterior fossa injuries (Yuceer, 1999). Gunshot wounds are not always the result of homicide or suicide, however. In our country there are a great number of accidental shootings each year. This is one problem that must be fixed in our society. There are three basic types of gunshot wounds that I would like to discuss. The first type of wound is a contact wound. This type of wound occurs when the muzzle of the firing gun comes in contact, or a few inches from the body. When the barrel of the gun has contacted the skin, gases are released and pass into the subcutaneous tissues, causing a stellate shaped laceration (Jones, 2004). Some characteristics of...

International case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International case - Essay Example Database management skills of the staff were weak and there were pressures to reduce costs. The system development process was complex and risk-prone. The focus of the new information system was to manage flow and water demand information. Data exchange between different stakeholders of the project was not fully automated as their information systems were not designed for data and information exchange among other stakeholder agencies. The implementation process of KOBWA happened at a time when roles were yet to be assigned to the new staff. The paper and spreadsheet based processes had to be shifted to computer-based systems gradually for ease of functions in the operations. Deficiency of staff also presented a hurdle in the implementation process. Manual processes were used for preparing regular reports on the water quality status as the graphical display routines designed for checking flow data could not be leveraged for examining water quality data. Map displays were also documented manually. A close connection between the water quality data and the GIS databases was desired for raising water quality status maps. Getting the data from field, DWAF, MNRE, and other data suppliers was again a manual process realized through spreadsheets or text export files from different agencies and transferring them into Hydstraâ„ ¢. There was good scope of committing errors due to non-automation of the processes; it needed many resources on checking data in the database. As manual processes required staff which was deficient, resources had to be employed for comprehending the reactionary change in the water quality with flow and long & short term routines. It could affect the standard and utility of the information as precious time got wasted in database maintenance and preparing status reports

The Hidden Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Hidden Curriculum - Essay Example The Hidden curriculum will overlap with other types of curriculum, however, that will be the primary focus of this paper. (Hidden Curriculum of Online Learning 2000) quotes Foshay and describes this as the transcendent aspect of learning: "the experience of transcendence, or the sense of one's self as part of a vastly larger whole." The subjects listed in a stated curriculum are not necessarily what students learn in the classroom. What is meant to be taught and what is actually learned are many times two different things. This is called "the hidden curriculum". school with the stated curriculum or the subjects they studied. This curriculum is public and the often the subject of heated debate. Although it is not publicly stated and rarely debated, schools also have a hidden curriculum. This hidden curriculum is composed of the basic attitudes and abilities valued by society. When society changes, both the curriculum and the hidden curriculum of schools also change. Because of changes wrought by information technology, society is currently in the middle of a paradigm shift from the Industrial Age to the Information Age. This paradigm shift has direct consequences for both the curriculum and the hidden curriculum of schools. ... In the Industrial Age, the curriculum was composed of the three Rs (i.e., reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic) and the various core subjects (English, science, math, social studies, fine arts, physical education, and so on). Schools in the 20th century also had a hidden curriculum which taught the values that 20th century industry desired the workforce to possess -- attitudes and abilities like trainability, obedience, The Hidden Curriculum 4 punctuality, dependability, and loyalty. These are the characteristics that industrial factories were looking for in graduates of 20th century schools and these characteristics often determined an individual's success in both the school and the workplace. Back in days of old the basic curriculum consisted of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Now in the year 2006 you can add computer literacy, Internet savvy, and knowledge of multiple communications devices. The unhidden curriculum is the subjects and classes that are listed in the school syllabus, or schedule. It is the education that teachers desire or transfer of knowledge to their students. It is usually the subjects that parents and students intend or believe will be their primary focus. In this century most of what is considered to be the hidden curriculum revolves around student behavioral patterns, daily routines, and the various teaching methods or expectations of the individual teacher. With or without intentions, a teacher can become more like a dictator and controlling instead of a good role model who teaches. Today the process of learning is not usually one where the The Hidden Curriculum 5 teacher rules or oversees but the students and instructor work collaboratively in the education

Describe the U.S. Foreign Policy and how it affects the citizens Essay

Describe the U.S. Foreign Policy and how it affects the citizens - Essay Example ternational education; and protection of American citizens abroad and  expatriation†. The U.S. doesn’t really have a unified foreign policy goal anymore. The most recent unified foreign policy was the Cold War Strategy of containment of the USSR and of Communism, which pervaded its relation with almost virtually every country. Since then, however, there are different policies that are for different countries. Policies may be divided by continents, United Nations, Foreign Aid, Defense, and Allies and Enemies. The U.S. has a strong foreign policy with The United Kingdom. Its foreign policy affirms this bilateral relationship with U.K. as its most important in the world, which is evidenced in the levels of cooperation in military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing with each other. These two countries also share the world’s largest foreign investment partnership, with the U.S. investing in the U.K. reachi ng $255 billion and U.K.’s investment in the U.S. reaching $283 billion. Another alliance is NATO, or North American Treaty Organization, which is a national alliance that consists of twenty-eight countries. Under the NATO policy, the U.S. is compelled to defend any NATO state that is attacked by a foreign power (Cox & Stokes, 2008). There are also foreign policies on different issues, such as terrorism, worldwide health and disease, immigration, foreign aid and others. The foreign policy of worldwide health and disease targets globalized diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, etc. Different organizations have been formed to combat these diseases such as PEPFAR (President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), where the U.S. government spends fifteen billion dollars over a span of five years to combat HIV/AIDS. Foreign aid is also another foreign policy. This policy compels the U.S. to spend about 0.18% of its Gross Domestic Product on Official Development Assistance. Un der this, there is also the Millennium Challenge Account, which is a government organization to which developing countries can apply for U.S. foreign aid (Cox & Stokes, 2008). The average American doesn’t know very much about the U.S.’s foreign policies. Most of the public are uninformed, or misinformed. Despite this, it is still a fact that the U.S. foreign policy does affect almost every aspect of the daily lives of Americans. Take for example the price of gasoline. The U.S. gets its oil from other countries such as Libya, Egypt, and other Middle-Eastern countries. In April 2011, fears about the unrest in Libya and Egypt sent oil prices to $113 a barrel. Another example is the life and death of the nation’s soldiers. NATO is compelled to defend any of its states that are attacked by a foreign power, meaning that there will be drafting of soldiers to go to war, which usually results in deaths and loss of resources (Irish & Frank, 2000). Most American citizens b uild lives

Nursing Student’s Perceptions of Rural Healthcare

Nursing Student’s Perceptions of Rural Healthcare In quantitative research, the goal is to establish a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable or outcome in a population. Quantitative research designs may be descriptive or experimental. A descriptive design establishes an association between variables. Experimental or quasi-experimental design are used to determine the effectiveness of an intervention, and to provide evidence to guide clinical practice. In this study, a non-experimental descriptive design will be used. The method will be a survey plan utilizing open-ended questionnaires. The theoretical framework of the adaptation model occurs when people react encouragingly to situational changes, and it is the process and outcome of individual and groups who use deliberate reasoning, self-reflection and selection to develop human and environmental assimilation. The key concepts are person, health, environment, and nursing (Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC). A person is a bio-psycho-social being in constant coolaboration with an altering environment, using intuitive and intellectual methods to accomodate (Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC). The model incorporates people as an individual and a group. Person can be a presentation of an individual or group. The person is an adaptive entity whom practices coping skills to manage stressors (AbuShosha, 2012). Health is a component of a person’s existence and isignified as the appearance and aspect of being assimilated. The environment is all situations,contexts, and motivations that affect the transformation and behavior of theindividual. The model includes two sub-sets, the cognitive-emotive, perceptual and informational processing, learning, judgment, and emotion. Nursing is the promotion of acclimation in four manners; biological, self-concept, character function, and interdependence. The regulator sub- set is a prime integration means that reacts through neural, chemical, and endocrine coping channels (AbuShosha, 2012). There are ten adaptation model assumptions: 1) the person is a bio-psycho-social being (Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC). 2) The person is in constant associations with a fluctuating situation. 3) The person uses coping mechanisms, instinctive and learned to cope with a changing domain. 4) wellbeing and scikness are unavoidable characteristics of life. 5) An individual must change in order to react positively to the circumstances. 6) The individual’s adaptation is an event of the provocation that they are subjected. 7) The person’s acculmation situation is such that it comprises an expanse indicating a difference of stimulation that will lead to an affirmative response (Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC). 8) There are four types of adaptation; physiological needs, self- concept, role function, and interdependence (AbuShosha, 2012). 9) Interpersonal associations are a essential segment of the profession of nursing. 10) There is a vital purpose for existence with the defini tive aim of achieving confidence and honor (AbuShosha, 2012). There are also four basic assumptions; 1) people can be reduced to agments for examination and investigation. 2) Nursing is based on cause and effect 3) people’s ethics and opinions should be reviewed and appreciated. 4) A condition of adaption liberates a person’s resources to respond to other incentives (AbuShosha, 2012). The application of this theory in the project is to identify perceptions of nurse practitioner students of clinical rotation in rural and urban healthcare settings. The approach is a quantitative approach using a survey method. The data collection design is snowball approach, which is an application used for collecting research subjects through the association of a primary subject who is used to give names of other people (Tappen, 2011). An advantage for the snowball method is the ability to engage hidden populations. Disadvantages are over sampling of a network of peers can lead to discrimination. The sampling is fifty (50) nurse practitioner students. Concepts used are the four adaptive methods, to create closed ended questions based on the four methods and cognator subsets, to process changes in the environment through cognitive and emotional avenues involve personal perceptions and data processing, learning, judgment, and emotions (AbuShosha, 2012). Instruments used will be surveys given at the end of the clinical rotation. Validity and reliability estimates will be based on two methods; factor analysis to determine if items are theoretically associated show similar link in the answers. Split-half reliability means using two versions of the questions and comparing the results (Etchegaray, 2006). The means to verify the questions will be a scale of (1-5) one to five, and not likely to extremely likely. Reliability is the consistency of the measurement of the survey. This means the item measures the same thing across like responses. Piloting or pre-testing the survey can help check for reliability. Validity is the degree to which the instrument measures what it is proposed to measure, and what is the relationship between information provided and what is desired to know. A scale that measures a concept consistently is viewed as reliable; a scale that measures the proposed concept is viewed as credible (Etchegaray, 2006). The sampling size and criteria for inclusion will be a sampling of fifty (50) students. Inclusion criteria are to have students one year before graduation that live within one hour of a rural area or are willing to drive to a rural setting. Obtaining the sampling group will be through nurse practitioner students known to the developer and referrals from these students. Description of the study and informed consent will be obtained when the student agrees to participate. To obtain permission for the study, the schools in question will be approached through the academic offices and the director of the nurse practitioner programs for permission, through a proposal request. The setting will be rural and urban clinical sites within the northern Kentuckian area that are amenable to the study, where surveys will be distributed after the clinical experience is complete. The preceptors will be informed of the study, and informed consent will be obtained at that time. The sampling strategy is a non-probability sample design using the snowball network or referral sampling method; this is where one starts with known individuals and asks them to refer others with the same concern or interest (Tappen, 2011). The sampling will be divided into two groups, one that shadows a rural nurse practitioner and one that shadows an urban practitioner. The surveys will be distributed to both groups after the clinical rotation is completed and may be faxed or emailed when finished. References AbuShosha, G. . (2012, July). A critical analysis of using Roys adaptation model in nursing research. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(4), 26-31. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from http://www.academia.edu/1775409/A_Critical_Analysis_of_Using_Roys_Adaptation_Model_in_Nursing_Research Etchegaray, J. . (2006, June). Survey research: Be careful where you step. Quality and Safety in Healthcare, 15(3), 154-155. Doi:10.1136/qshc:2005.016659 Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC. (N.d.). Roy Adaptation Model. In Nursing theories:A framework for professional practice (pp. 127-141). Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from http://www.samples.jbpub.com/9781449626013/7376_CH10_masters Tappen, R. (2011). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice. In R. Tappen, Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice (1 ed., Pp. 75-76). Sudbury, MA: Jones Barlett Learning,LLC. Retrieved March 29, 2014

Stephen Sondheim :: essays research papers

Stephen Sondheim - Biography Stephen Sondheim was born on 22 March 1930, the son of a wealthy New York dress manufacturer. But, when his parents divorced, his mother moved to Bucks County, Pennsylvania and young Stephen found himself in the right place at the right time. A neighbour of his mother's, Oscar Hammerstein II, was working on a new musical called Oklahoma! and it didn't take long for the adolescent boy to realise that he, too, was intrigued by musical theatre. Although he subsequently studied composition with Milton Babbitt, he chose to apply what he learned he all-or-nothing commercial hothouse of Broadway. Like Hammerstein, he has written the occasional pop song (with Jule Styne for Tony Bennett) and dabbled in films (Stavisky, Reds, Dick Tracy), but, like Hammerstein, he has always come back to the theatre. His initial success came as a somewhat reluctant lyricist to Leonard Bernstein on West Side Story (1957) and Jule Styne on Gypsy (1959). Exciting and adventurous as those shows were in their day, and for all their enduring popularity, Sondheim's philosophy since is encapsulated in one of his song titles: "I Never Do Anything Twice". His first score as composer-lyricist was A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum (1962) - a show so funny few people spotted how experimental it was: it's still the only successful musical farce. In the following three decades, critics detected a Sondheim style - a fondness for the harmonic language of Ravel and Debussy; a reliance on vamps and skewed harmonies to destabilise th e melody; a tendency to densely literate lyrics. But, all that said, it's the versatility that still impresses: you couldn't swap a song from the exuberantly explosive pit-band score of Anyone Can Whistle (1964) with one of the Orientally influenced musical scenes in Pacific Overtures (1976); you couldn't mistake the neurotic pop score of Company (1970) for the elegantly ever-waltzing A Little Night Music (1973). Sondheim hit his stride in the Seventies, forming a unique partnership of hyphenates with Hal Prince: a composer-lyricist and a producer-director working together to re-invent the musical. Some were plotless (Company), some characterless (Pacific Overtures), one went backwards (Merrily We Roll Along). But, as his onetime choreographer Michael Bennett put it, before you can break the rules, you have to know what they are - and Sondheim knows America's cultural heritage better then anybody. Follies (1971) is an

“The Destructors” by Graham Greene Essay

Graham Greene the author of â€Å"The Destructors† and Richard Connell the author of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post war zone in London where there seemed to be little hope of life. Greene’s setting was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; Connell contrasted that with a sole island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. Both authors wrote stories that have very troubled characters. The characters also reflect a dark mood to go along with the setting. The Credibility was reasonable for both stories and I believed both stories could happen. Rainsford and â€Å"T† were good characters and the setting a great deal influenced them both. I related more to the atmosphere of â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† but did not have any problem picturing either one while reading the stories. â€Å"The Destructors† took place in London post world war II 1939-1945 on Bank Holiday, which is a 3-day weekend that takes place in Britain a few times a year. â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† took place on a remote tropical island in the Caribbean and was sometime after the First World War. The first similarity between the two stories is the dark mood that both setting portray, nighttime on an island in the middle of the ocean and post war stricken London. Another similarity is how both setting portray a holiday or vacation idea. The Setting of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is exactly the kind of setting you would need to pull of the kind of â€Å"game† secluded from the day to day bother of other people who might be passing by, no law enforcement to bother you with the accusation of murder. â€Å"The Des tructors† setting is a little harder to believe that this could happen and that a group of kids could pull it off. I have done a lot of demolition and I know how hard it is and how long  it can take. Rainsford was a great hunter even before he got marooned on this island but I’m sure the fact that he was now the prey raised his level of survival necessity. If he was on the island and he needed to rebuild a boat to escape he might not have faired as well but that is only conjecture. With â€Å"T† his character is total based on the setting of the story. If you change the setting you will change â€Å"T† and his whole objective and attitude. The atmosphere or the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation in â€Å"The Destructors† was depressing and dark. I envision rubble and burnt remains of buildings all around with only a few homes left standing in the area. On the Island I see a wonderful tropical paradise that is very inviting although dark and lonely when Rainsford falls from the boat and a wonderful place to visit with lush forest and flowers with sandy beaches. This to me the biggest difference between the two stories, one is set in the busy c ity while the other is secluded. One symbol I see in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is the Island being an image of being alone and needing to survive on your own, one man and his fight against one man. In â€Å"The Destructors† I felt like the symbol was the Wormsley Common Gang against the world or at least against Old Misery. This was a symbol of mans need to sometimes break the rules just because we can get away with it. Greene and Connell both used a similar mood in their stories. Connell placed his story on an island in the Caribbean that was dark and scary, it had a reputation of death and separation. Greene placed his characters in a post WWII zone in London where much hope for the future was lost. The setting for â€Å"The Destructors† was urban with many young English boys as his main characters; â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† contrasted that with a lonely island with only two main inhabitants and a pack of dogs. References: Connell, R. (1924). The most dangerous game. Greene, G. (1954). The destructors.

20 Literature Essay Topics How to Discuss Poems by Emily Dickinson

20 Literature Essay Topics How to Discuss Poems by Emily Dickinson Our previous guide had stated a lot of interesting facts about the life of Emily Dickinson, one of America’s most renowned poet and writer, and what factors affected her work. By now we believe that you’ll have enough information to dig into books and look for great topics. For your convenience and know-how, here are 20 topics on poems by Emily Dickinson for a college essay: Gifts of Benjamin Franklin Newton to Emily Dickinson Role of Susan Gilbert in Emily Dickinson Poetry Emily Dickinsons Contribution to the Category of Gospel Poems How Did Emily Dickinson Teenage Life Affect Her Earlier Work? The Mystery of The Master Letters by Emily Dickinson Was Emily Dickinson Religious and Did This Play a Role in Her Work? The Symbolic Importance of Flowers and Gardens in Emily Dickinsons Work Did the Romantic Master Poems Refer to Actual Persons? Emily Dickinsons Contribution to Feminism The Relationship Between Emilys Mothers Illness and Her Dedication to Writing Poetry Why Did Emily Dickinson Make Her Sister Promise to Burn Her Papers? The Interaction Between Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinsons Fascination with Death and Illness Was the Relationship Between Emily Dickinson and Benjamin Franklin Newton Productive for Emilys Writing? The Journey of Emily Dickinson Writing Her Manuscript and 800 Poems from 1858 to 1865 The Springfield Republican Publication of Emily Dickinsons Work Effects Of Emily Dickinsons Sexuality on Her Poems Emily Dickinsons Descent into Depression Emily Dickinson and the Undiscovered Continent Lack of Poems in the Year 1866 and the Reasons Behind it Emily Dickinson paved the road for several poets, especially female ones. Although she wasn’t appreciated as an author during her life, doubted by several of her peers, she gained all her fame after death, when her sister found hundreds of letters and poems. Throughout her life Emily opted to be secluded instead of being hungry for publication and fame. Our previous guide 10 facts on poems by Emily Dickinson for a college essay gives you plenty of concrete information on the Poems by Emily Dickinson. Now we have given you 20 interesting topics from which you can choose one to write a highly informative and impressive college essay. Our aim is to help you focus on one aspect of the Emily’s life, because there were several incidents including certain people and loses which influenced her writing style over the years. But we aren’t just going to help you with the basics and leave you high and dry; the next guide how to write an essay on a poem by Emily Dickinson will have pointers to help you get started. Here is a sample essay on one of the topics mentioned above. By reading the essay below you’ll know how to research your college essay on poems by Emily Dickinson. We wish you all the best and if you have any queries, do drop us an email. Sample Essay: The Interaction Between Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Emily Dickinson Thomas Wentworth Higginson, an ex-minister, a critic of literature and a radical abolitionist, wrote a column for The Atlantic Monthly titled â€Å"Letter to a Young Contributor†. In this column, Mr. Higginson spoke in reference to upcoming writers looking to make a name for themselves and urged them to Charge Your Style with Life. He offered them professional advice so that they could catch their big break. This caught the eye of Emily Dickinson. Ms. Dickinson decided to establish contact with Higginson in 1862 as she was contemplating publication. She understood that it was becoming increasingly difficult just writing poetry without readership, and more generally speaking, an audience. Dickinson reached out to Higginson in order to seek guidance she sent him a beautiful letter which goes by the name â€Å"My Verse Is Alive†. The letter is considered to be a theatrical display of Dickinson’s talents. Although she didn’t sign it, she did write her name on the letter and sent it to Higginson with a gift of four poems. Mr. Higginson was unaware about the publication history of Dickinson, which is   why after appreciating her talents and telling her how impressed he was with it, he told her to write a little more before seeking publication. Ms. Dickinson replied in the humblest of fashion; instead of showing anger and resentment for not appreciating her talent, she told him that the fame of being published was an absolute foreign element to her. Though she did mention that if she was destined to be famous, then she wouldn’t try running away from it. In her letters, she displayed her literary prowess through dramatization and mystery. She told him about her preference of solitude, expressing how she found solace in the company of hills, the sunrise and her pet dog Carlo. She explained to him that her mother didn’t approve of her aspirations and her father was a little supportive because he brought her books, even though he feared that too much reading might plunge her into depression. Emily Dickinson and Thomas Wentworth Higginson became good friends. Dickinson referred to Higginson as â€Å"Dear Friend† in her letters while signing them off with â€Å"Your Scholar†. The interactions between the two were a morale boost for Dickinson, which certainly reflected in her work as well. She went as far as claiming that Higginson saved her life back in 1862. Both of them remained excellent friends till Emily’s untimely death, though Emily never asked for a publication favor.   Despite this being unnerving for Higginson, he never pushed her to go ahead with a project. Several critics, including the famous Edmund Wilson, claimed that if Emily had any interest in being published, she would have done so in a heartbeat. It was only after Emily Dickinson’s death that her work emerged and she became a symbolic icon in America’s literary history. That’s how the interaction between Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Emily Dickinson affected her work. Reference: Juhasz, S. (1983). Feminist critics read Emily Dickinson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Gordon, L. (2010). Lives like loaded guns: Emily Dickinson and her familys feuds. New York: Viking. Mitchell, D., Stuart, M. (2009). The international reception of Emily Dickinson. London: Continuum. Martin, W. (2002). The Cambridge companion to Emily Dickinson. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Dickinson, E., Franklin, R. W. (1998). The Master letters of Emily Dickinson. Amherst, MA: Amherst College Press. Farr, J. (1996). Emily Dickinson: A collection of critical essays. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Farr, J., Carter, L. (2004). The gardens of Emily Dickinson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lab Earth Science lab Essays

Lab Earth Science lab Essays Lab Earth Science lab Essay Lab Earth Science lab Essay Complete the following table based on the observations you made during the lab. Experiment Observations Cold water After I had opened the bottle, condensation rose to the top of the water bottle where the air was. Cold water plus match With water plus the match, the smoke from the match causing condensation displaced air. Hot water With hot water, the steam covered the top of the bottle. Hot water plus match With the match in the smoke went all the way to the bottom of the bottle to make a cloud. (5 points) 2. Why do you think the presence of smoke contributed to cloud formation? Answer: think the presence of the smoke contributed to cloud formation since the moisture in the bottle from the water collects smoke particles which form into clouds. In the sky water molecules cling onto solid particles. (5 points) 3. What role did pressure play in the formation of the clouds? Answer: Pressure played a huge role, the atmospheric air pressure pushed up the smoke where it reaches the top of the bottle collects water molecules and is pushed back down forming a cloud. 4. Based on what you have discovered, which of the following conditions would lead to the formation of clouds? 1 . Moist air moves up as it encounters a mountain range. 2. High pressure is moving into an area. 3. The air over a large parking lot is warmer in the afternoon than the surrounding park is. 4. The horse latitudes are areas Of sinking air. 5. Low pressure moves into your area.

Jungle Fever Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jungle Fever - Movie Review Example Discrimination is thÐ µ application of prÐ µjudicÐ µ in individual, sociÐ µtal, or institutional actions that sÐ µÃ µk to homogÐ µnizÐ µ and disparagÐ µ thÐ µ out-group whilÐ µ lÐ µaving thÐ µ in-group frÐ µÃ µ of similar scrutiny or action. This is far from a comprÐ µhÐ µnsivÐ µ dÐ µfinition of discrimination, which can also includÐ µ social dÐ µcisions that arÐ µ basÐ µd on thÐ µ gÐ µndÐ µr, racÐ µ, or sÐ µxuality of a pÐ µrcÐ µivÐ µd group, to namÐ µ just a fÐ µw possiblÐ µ dÐ µlinÐ µations. ThÐ µ causÐ µ for most discrimination and prÐ µjudicÐ µ is thÐ µ fostÐ µring of stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µs that sÐ µÃ µk to assay out-group cultural homogÐ µnÐ µity from thÐ µ pÐ µrspÐ µctivÐ µ of thÐ µ majority in-group, which in this casÐ µ involvÐ µs thÐ µ majority in-group bÐ µing thosÐ µ who do not bÐ µlong to thÐ µ culturÐ µ. #2 In tÐ µrms of adultÐ µry, whÐ µthÐ µr FlippÐ µr’s dalliancÐ µ was black or whitÐ µ, it would s till bÐ µ chÐ µating. I think that thÐ µ ladiÐ µs at Cyrus’ would hold on to somÐ µthing to gossip about, and thÐ µ mixÐ µd racÐ µ naturÐ µ of thÐ µ couplÐ µ was thÐ µ first and most sÐ µnsational thing that thÐ µy could gÐ µt. If thÐ µy hadn’t gottÐ µn this, and AngiÐ µ had bÐ µÃ µn black, thÐ µy would havÐ µ still gossipÐ µd; it would havÐ µ just bÐ µÃ µn about adultÐ µry, or maybÐ µ socio-Ð µconomics. ... ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ various usÐ µful rÐ µasons for this (morÐ µ usÐ µful than prÐ µjudicÐ µ basÐ µd on racÐ µ), but most of thÐ µm, likÐ µ prÐ µjudicÐ µs basÐ µd on racÐ µ, arÐ µ supÐ µrficial and basÐ µd on fÐ µar and thÐ µ inability to Ð µxprÐ µss that it is OK to bÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µnt. PrÐ µjudicÐ µ is a prÐ µmaturÐ µ judgmÐ µnt, no mattÐ µr what thÐ µ contÐ µxt. #3 ThÐ µ SnipÐ µs charactÐ µr’s rÐ µsponsÐ µ was bigotÐ µd, I thought, but it didn’t surprisÐ µ mÐ µ too much. It is my bÐ µliÐ µf that prÐ µjudicÐ µd trÐ µatmÐ µnt of individuals and stÐ µrÐ µotyping havÐ µ a dÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt rÐ µlationship; that is, thÐ µ mistrÐ µatmÐ µnt of thÐ µsÐ µ individuals on a sociÐ µtal lÐ µvÐ µl in many ways cannot Ð µxist without pÐ µrvasivÐ µ stÐ µrÐ µotyping. Basically, onÐ µ can sÐ µÃ µ prÐ µjudicÐ µ as thinking that your culturÐ µ or physical statÐ µ of bÐ µing is supÐ µrior to othÐ µr culturÐ µs or phys ical statÐ µs of bÐ µing that you Ð µncountÐ µr, and thÐ µn classifying thÐ µsÐ µ othÐ µr culturÐ µs nÐ µgativÐ µly as a rÐ µsult of stÐ µrÐ µotyping thÐ µm. For Ð µxamplÐ µ, many think that all mÐ µntally ill pÐ µoplÐ µ arÐ µ actually rÐ µtardÐ µd, whÐ µn many of thÐ µ mÐ µntally ill actually show signs of bÐ µing brilliant in spÐ µcific fiÐ µlds. It sÐ µÃ µms that stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µs about individuals arÐ µ common among Ð µxclusivist rÐ µligions and groups who arÐ µ unablÐ µ to accÐ µpt morÐ µ than onÐ µ vÐ µrsion of thÐ µ truth. Many think of stÐ µrÐ µotyping as a stratÐ µgy pÐ µoplÐ µ usÐ µ to gÐ µnÐ µralizÐ µ a group of pÐ µoplÐ µ whÐ µn thÐ µy do not havÐ µ communication with or accuratÐ µ information about thÐ µ stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µd group, for whatÐ µvÐ µr rÐ µason. It is my opinion that prÐ µjudicÐ µ would not Ð µxist without stÐ µrÐ µotyping, and that by combating stÐ µrÐ µotyping as a sort of lÐ µast comm on dÐ µnominator for which morÐ µ

Best Practices for Network Security Research Paper

Best Practices for Network Security - Research Paper Example Several even have to care about how to show paces of owed upkeep and owed meticulousness to a rising register of supervisory obedience burdens. What can one do underneath such great weight to make an improved year, not an annum laden with lost time, network clear-out and obedience annoyances? I've derived what I would deliberate certain practices which can be classified the finest system safety rehearses. Finest practices are stuffs you do - steps up a ladder you climb - activities and tactics. Inside those strategies, I'm sure it will consist of which safety countermeasures to fit in the financial plan for the year. Though I believed in going into particulars about latest safety notions, such as amalgamated risk managing or system admittance resistor, it appears more suitable to place emphasis on the best objectives as a replacement for the best safety apparatuses you might deliberate positioning. For instance, I deliberate an encryption of one of the best practices and not an inven tion or instrument. I'm sure you'll discover many saleable and easily obtainable gears out there. You can continuously gauge those gears which you catch most suitable for your own best-practice archetypal. Shopping cart scheme took this encoded credit card material and stowed it, not encoded in basic manuscript on a record server that was linked to the Web server. Quoting Gary Mileisfeky, â€Å"These two servers were like putty to the hackers - one SQL Injection attack and thousands of consumer records were grabbed, sold and used for siphoning money from the credit cards†(12 Best Practices for Online Security). It is now possible for you to purchase lists of Social Security numbers, forenames, addresses, telephone information, bank account archives and credit cards on the black marketplace. It's now a business. Do not let your association be among those auxiliary lists. The paramount exercise is to look at all features of electric communique and records handling during the co urse of your association. That should comprise of all instantaneous text messaging, folder transmission, conversations, e-mails, connected conferences and webinars, also all records formation, alteration, storing, removal and recovery. How are customer archives kept? How are automated varieties of other personal material secured? Back-up data is not sufficient. You ought to arrange a VPN for those who have admission to your system from the external. Make certain the networks that allow admission onto the system over the encoded channel are likewise not the frailest relations in the substructure. Do not let them in if they are not completely mended, improved, polished for malware and legitimate. Moreover, if you lease an operative with a processor, get the apparatus back - and in the interim, shut their VPN channel. The planning phase is three-pronged and includes making policy declarations, piloting a risk investigation and launching a safety squad configuration. To fashion policy s tatements, the association requires the measure of what ranks of security are fitting and attainable by taking into deliberation the administrative arrangement, singular parts and accountabilities, rules previously present in the dwelling, facility level contracts concerning the IT division and

Political Economy of Race, Class and Gender Essay

Political Economy of Race, Class and Gender - Essay Example 14). They aim at explaining the reason behind large numbers of unemployed and underemployed blacks relative to whites and the wage gaps between blacks and whites and between genders. This paper discusses the salient differences between these two models; the neoclassical economics theory and the political economy models of the labor market. It includes a discussion on the importance of the differences in the realm of race and gender while highlighting the critiques of neoclassical presumption by political economists. In neoclassical economics, discrimination is analyzed in simplicity using the same implements used to understand market behavior. Discriminators here are either maximizing their welfare or minimizing any apparent risk (Albelda et al. 36).Under this model, discrimination in the labor market is not a long-term phenomenal. Discrimination in the labor markets takes the form of higher wages for white workers relative to black workers equipped with similar skills and carrying out similar productive jobs under similar working conditions; job segregation of blacks into lesser-paying jobs; and high unemployment rates for blacks relative to whites (Albelda et al. 60). The wide persistence of discrimination is attributed to low competition among firms and workers and incomplete information in the labor market. Employers taste leads to higher costs as it hampers competition among workers. The discriminating firms directly cover these higher costs by paying higher wages for labor power. According to neoclassical economics, this approach of discrimination is efficient in allocation of scarce resources in the labor markets by the discriminating firms (Albelda et al. 65). Neoclassical economic models assume that competition combined with employers’ diversity in tastes eradicates labor market discrimination. A competitive market will increase

HIV AIDS In The South Essay Example for Free

HIV AIDS In The South Essay Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a killer disease caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) which affects one’s immune system making them susceptible to opportunistic diseases that they succumb to. A person is said to be suffering from AIDS when the HIV has compromised their immune system triggering chronic fevers, constant diarrhea, significant unexplained weight losses, night sweats as well as swollen glands and thrush. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). HIV is thought to have started spreading as early as the late 70’s though official statistics have it that it was first recognized in 1981 in the US. The origin of the virus remain unclear with some arguing that it originated from the outer space, was artificially created, escaped from a laboratory or it is a natural virus that initially affected apelike creatures before it found its way to humans. (Johnson P, 2007). HIV spread widely to other regions and today it is deemed as a world pandemic with over 40 million people infected globally. Sadly, about 4 to 5 million people are infected with the virus annually while over 25 million people have so far succumbed to it. To date there is no known cure for HIV AIDS though scientific development have led to the usage of antiretroviral which work to prolong the life span of those infected. A unique factor about HIV is the fact that one can stay for as long as a decade without exhibiting any symptom that they are sick, a period in which they can infect others. As a matter of fact some research findings have it that the spread of HIV is more intense in the latent period. (Irwin A, Millen J and Fallows D, 2003). It is difficult to give the exact figures of those infected as many people have not been tested but one approach used by epidemiologists is estimation. Specific groups such as pregnant women, prisoners, people joining the military service and patients in the varied states are tested and CDC uses these estimates to approximate the number of people infected with the virus while putting into account people’s behavioral changes. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). Although no biological links have been found to explain why some races are more susceptible to acquiring the virus in the US, blacks and the Hispanics are more affected than the whites. Gay people or homosexuals as well as those abusing drugs through injection are also at a higher risk of acquiring the virus. A research established that roughly, half the infected persons were gay men while over 20% were drug abusers who used infected needles. People engaging in unsafe sexual intercourse with many partners are also at a higher risk of contracting the virus. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). A unique factor about HIV AIDS is the fact that unlike other fatal diseases which are airborne and hence contagious it cannot be transmitted through a handshake or sneezing. Again, though some traces of the virus can be found on saliva, tears and sweat it cannot be transferred through these modes. It can also not be passed on through insect bites as the virus only survives in humans. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). HIV is passed on through contact with contaminated body fluids through anal, oral or coital sex, interjectory drug abuse, mother to child during birth as well as through breastfeeding. Precautionary measures during and after birth have been adopted to prevent the mother to child transmission and much progress have been made. This makes the containment of the HIV manageable as people’s behaviors play a vital role in curbing its spread. Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). Susan, Kristin and Kathryn in ‘HIV infection and Aids in the Deep south’ noted that there are many discrepancies in the manner at which HIV AIDS trends are registered in the US. The southern region of the US which comprises of 16 states namely; Virginia, North and South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Washington, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana and Oklahoma registers higher rates when compared to other states. (Reif S, Geonnotti, Whetten K. 2006). Variances are also evident among the varying states with some recording higher rates than others. Some states record similar trends in as far as HIV and AIDS infections are concerned for instance; North and South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi and Louisiana register similar trends. The term ‘Deep South’ was coined to describe those states that had a history in agriculture especially in cotton as well as slave trade. These states have disproportionately been affected by the HIVAIDS pandemic in the USA. 2000-2003 statistics have it that in this region HIVAIDS infection raised by up to 35. % while the rate in other states in the south were as low as 4% and the national rate with an exception of the southern states stood at 5. 2%. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K, 2006). The prevailing conditions in the South can be blamed on various factors such as poor health conditions as can be bore witness by the poor health indicators in the region. Three states in this region recorded the highest death rates, highest rates for diabetes, stroke, sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and Chlamydia as well as infant mortality rates. The Deep South region which has the highest prevalence rate for HIV infections is largely predominated by African Americans. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K. 2006). Other characteristics of the Deep South region include high rates of illiteracy as many do not graduate from colleges. Most people in the Deep South region also have no health insurance which can be explained by the higher rates of poor health indicators. The levels of poverty and unemployment are higher in the Deep South region when compared with the other regions in the US. Higher rates of unemployment mean that the rates of poverty are higher and this is true both at an individual as well as at the family level. Higher rates of HIV infections in the Deep South region were recorded among women as well as African Americans. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K. 2006). The higher rates of sexual transmitted diseases in the Deep South are thought to have a relationship or link with the high rates of HIV infections in the region. This is attributed to the fact that medical experts argue that sexually transmitted diseases have a role to play in as far as the facilitating of the virus spread is concerned. Lack of accessibility to quality health care services among these people is also thought to play a significant role in spreading the virus. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). Sociological theories argue that man is a social being and does not exist in a vacuum. One’s surrounding predisposes a person to behaving in a certain manner. Values, norms and expectations of the society are passed on from one generation to the next through the various socializing agents such as schools, families, peers and mass media as well as through religion. (Andersen M and Taylor H, 2001). People’s surroundings also play a vital role in determining their behaviors. In poverty stricken areas the effectiveness of schools in passing on values will be compromised triggering bad behavior such as drug abuse and carefree lifestyles. Poverty also leads to ‘innovation’ where people adopt illegal means to attaining the societal values. Prostitution for instance is a clear illustration of a failing society which states is material success objective commonly know as the ‘American Dream’ but fails to offer clear cut means to attaining it especially to the disadvantaged groups. Andersen M and Taylor H, 2001). Poverty triggers higher rates of HIV infection as it denies the poor a chance to access vital health information that would ensure that certain diseases were prevented. Public health education is in most cases done in the health care facilitates and those who cannot access them are cut off. Some may also not understand the mode of communication used due to illiteracy triggered by poverty. Poverty is also associated with desperation and hopelessness which sees people engage in drug and other substance abuse which predisposes them to contracting the virus. People who abuse drugs risk contracting HIV especially when contaminated needles are used. Another risk that makes drugs increase the tendency of one contracting the virus is the fact that they compromise one’s reasoning ability and consequently may see them engage in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual intercourse with many partners whose status is unknown. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). In terms of racial background one can argue that the region is disadvantaged in the sense that it is comprised of more African Americans, a race known for lack of health insurance as well as higher poverty rates. Many African Americans are poor and this places them at a higher risk in as far as contracting HIV is concerned. Discrimination especially in incarceration of African Americans in the Deep South precipitates concurrent sexual practices which in turn paves way for HIV AIDS. (Adimora A and Schoenbach J, 2002). Young African American women as well as others from the disadvantaged communities are at a higher risk of contracting the virus. Poverty could drive them into prostitution where they may not have the chance to negotiate for safer sex. In most cases women have been identified as the weaker sex and consequently they have no say in the male dominated society. Biologically women are at a higher chance of contracting HIV than men as the vagina is more receptive to substances than the male penis. Poverty leads to lack of proper education which is essential if educational programs on health are to be successful Illiterate people also tend to be ignorant and this predisposes them to HIV. Provision of preventive programs is impossible in the poverty stricken regions thus precipitating the high rates of HIV AIDS in the Deep South region. People from the Deep South who have been infected with the virus will develop AIDS quickly due to the inaccessibility of health care services. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). HIV AIDS prevalence also varies with geographical regions in terms rural versus urban regions with the former recording higher rates than the later. People in the rural areas encounter more difficulties when trying to access quality health care services as opposed to those in the urban areas. This hinders them accessibility to preventive programs such as the educative or informative programs that would have seen them reduce their chances or acquiring the HIV virus. The rural areas record lower chances of attaining or rather accessing health care professionals and they also have problems accessing treatment making their conditions worse. People in the rural areas are consequently forced to travel to the urban areas to seek medical services and some are too poor that the transportation costs are a burden to them. (Adimora A et al, 2004). The Deep South region is also known to have higher rates of stigmatization with the HIV AIDS, a factor that sees the rates of HIV escalate. The belief that people belong to a specified social status which cannot be changed also plays a role in cementing the spread of HIV, given the fact that poverty has a strong association with HIV prevalence rates. Some people in the Deep South have a strong distrust with their health care systems a factor that also contributes to higher prevalence rates of HIV AIDS as they will not respect the advices offered by their health care providers. Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K, 2006). HIV AIDS in the South has remained higher than in the other states in the US due to many factors. Since the disease is not airborne but is spread through various intimate body contacts, mother to child or through the use of contaminated needles it can be effectively managed if people adopted positive behaviors. Reducing the number of sex partners that one has, war on drugs , and proper accessibility to health care facilities would be of significance in as far as the fight against HIV AIDS is concerned.

Introduction To Linguistics And Conversation Analysis Cover English Language Essay

Introduction To Linguistics And Conversation Analysis Cover English Language Essay One thing which makes us find so few people who appear reasonable and agreeable in conversation is, that there is scarcely any one who does not think more of what he is about to say than of answering precisely what is said to him. Franà §ois de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) Beginning To master a language is a difficult task for many persons, and to master it in its spoken form even takes more time than learning a new language. Confusions and misunderstandings are commonly observed in conversation. Consider the following example, Fredrick: O Jesus! Suddenly the rain started to pour down! But Suki was so smart that she entered the hall immediately. Kelven: Oh how come she could enter the hall? Did she know the people there? Fredrick: What do you mean Kelven? Wasnt she living in the hall? In the example illustrated, Kelven probably fails to understand what is implicated by Fredricks utterance. Though Fredrick, in this example, has also used a misleading expression in referring to the hall where Suki was residing, a misunderstanding was thus caused. (Schlesinger and Hurvitz, 1969) Misunderstanding can cause a lot of troubles and we have to avoid them. But what are the reasons of causing those misunderstandings? Why in different situations we interpret a speech differently? How can people open and close a conversation well? And the ultimate problem can be, What is conversation and its underneath principles of operations?. The topic of conversation analysis, which is a particular and very important area of discourse analysis, will deal with the problems said. Chapter 8.1 Chapter 8.1A A brief definition of conversation analysis Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the detailed organization and structure of human conversational interactions in everyday lives; both in verbal and non-verbal sense. (Hutchby and Wooffitt, 2008) In conversation analysis, the structure, orderliness, and sequential patterns in interactions are discussed and studied. (Sidnell, 2010)These sorts of interactions can either be institutional or just in daily, casual conversation. Linguists of conversation analysis are always interested in how we, as language-users, are able to deliver an idea to make others understand about it, and at the same time how we understand the oral language that we hear. (Wang, 2010) It is not only used in linguistics, but it is also a popular concept used in psychology, history, anthropology, etc. (Sidnell, 2010) This subject, like the others, is a progressive development. In the next chapter, the history and changes of conversation analysis throughout the years will be introduced. Chapter 8.1B History and development of conversation analysis The history of conversation analysis can be dated back to late 1960s to early 1970s. The development of it was first inspired by Ethnomethodology, which is a method for understanding how people use social orders to understand the world, by analyzing their descriptions and stories of their daily activities across a long period (Karamjit S. Gill, 1996). Later, sociologist Harvey Sacks with his close associates Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson, define the term in their book Lectures on Conversation, and the study of conversation analysis has soon drawn a great attention from scholars. (Emanuel and Gail, 1972) With over 50 years of development, today it has become a well-known and widely-used research method in social sciences, linguistics, psychology, speech-communication and anthropology. (Carol, 2010) Its influence in interactional sociolinguistics is particular important as it forms a part in both discursive psychology and discourse analysis. (Levinson, 1983) Moreover, in its own right it has also become an important discipline. In recent years, the techniques of conversation analysis have seen being employed in a number of other subjects, like NLP practitioners use the technique to understand the real feeling of a person (Tosey and Mathison 2006); and phoneticians try to use it to explore the fine phonetic detail of speech (Kelly and Local, 1989). After having a brief overview of conversation analysis, the detailed elements of it will be introduced in the next chapter. Chapter 8.1C Assumptions and principles of conversation analysis We do conversations each and every day, with our friends, parents, colleagues and teachers, etc. In making these daily conversational exchanges, people always follow a set of orders or conventions, both consciously and subconsciously. The orders and conventions are different in different occasions. (Sacks, 1992) And, we learn those orders and conventions since they were young and the process of learning is continuous in ones life. Participants in daily conversations have responsibility to produce interpretable messages and to acknowledge the messages received; based on the orders and conventions, to create a successful conversation. George Pasthas (1995) in his book raises the following assumptions and principles of conversation analysis; Order is produced by orderliness. Order is situated and occasioned. Order is oriented by the parties involved in a conversation only. The analyst holds no conceptions in it. Order is repeatable and recurrent. The discovery, description and analysis of that produced orderliness are the tasks of the analyst. Frequencies and varieties of particular phenomena occur are to be set aside in studying the ways in which order is produced. Structures of social actions, once discerned, shall be able to be described and analyzed in formal forms. These principles and assumptions are widely accepted (George, 1995) and conversation analysts nowadays still have their analysis done in this way. In the following chapter, the detailed methodology of how a conversation analysis is conducted will be introduced. Chapter 8.1D Methodology of conversation analysis Similar to other researches, a research on conversation analysis is initiated by setting up a research problem. In normal circumstances, video or audio recorded conversations are used as raw data for conversation analysis. To ensure that data collected is not artificial, often it is simply collected by adding a video camera to the room where the conversation takes place (e.g. medical doctors consultation with a patient), without involvements of researchers. (Have, 2007) At the same time, the researchers make a detailed transcription, assuming that no details of the conversation have been omitted. The researchers, after the transcription, will then have an inductive data-driven analysis aiming to find recurring patterns of interaction. Based on the result of the analysis, a rule or model to explain the occurrence of the patterns is then developed. Conversation in discourse is mutually constructed and negotiated in time between speakers, which is unplanned and informal. (Cook, 1989) Ending Chapter 8.7 Conclusion In short, conversation analysis deals with our daily verbal exchanges, which are vital in daily lives of each and every one of us. Interpreting daily conversations, we now understand, is a highly complex and complicated process. It has long been believed that the meaning has been there already in a piece of oral language. But after studying this chapter, we find that the said definition is far too simplistic. We think that we do not plan before having a conversation with the others. But we apply different strategies indeed but they are seldom noticed. A speaker has to plan well before delivering a speech; and a hearer also has to work quite hard in order to process a piece of conversation indeed. Even the simplest conversation involves many complex decisions. We cover a few key aspects of conversation analysis, which includes turn-taking, overlapping, repairs, silences, sequence and transcription. We also try to analyze a conversation by following a set of transcription conversations. The question stated at the beginning, What is conversation? And what is its underneath principles?, has been answered by conversation analysis. Through studying it, we learn how to communicate with others well, and most importantly, how to use the principles to live well on this Earth.