Online Journalism and the New Media; Implications for...

INTRODUCTION The new media announces a new period of media development in the world over, it is the one that preaches the significance of new communications technologies. The new media is not just a kind of information technology but also part and parcel of the social being of man in this modern society. At the threshold of this fairly new millennium (2000 A.D.), there was a sporadic turn-around in the existing branches of the global media. This catapulted the world into a new information order that forcefully attempted to erode the conventional media. This turn-around made the traditional media ¡Ã‚ ¦s dictators and gatekeepers to loose their hold. The sub  ¡V editors, and editors who control what comes into the news, and by implication, what†¦show more content†¦Dominick 2005: 312 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE To best understand the thematic preoccupation of this work, the concept of critical mass theory as it applies to the adoption of a new communication technology is desirable and would be used. The term comes from physics, where critical mass refers to the minimum amount of material needed to trigger and sustain a radioactive chain reaction. The term has been loosely applied to communication and refers to the minimum number of people needed as adopters before a new communication technology can have a permanent place in the society Kaye and Medoff, 2001. Williams, Strover and Grant (1994) corroborate An interesting aspect of the critical mass perspective is that widespread use appears to have a snowball effect. Once a perceived critical mass is using the technology, those without it are strongly motivated to adopt it. The reasoning here is that despite the drawbacks, such as cost or difficulty in using the technology, people (and institutions) are pressured to adopt the technology because failure to do so may exclude them from existing communication networks. Markus (1987), while making a case for the adoption of interactive communication technologies, suggested three propositions in the adoption process as cited in Kaye and Medoff (2001). First, the adoption and use of technology is anShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Technological Change And Cultural Change2621 Words   |  11 Pagesthe last decade and these changes have affected all aspects of life including media. The advent of social media tools such as twitter and facebook means users do not have to wait to get to k now about particular news. In other words, they have instant access to news today and this was not the case about 15 years ago. During the Pre-Internet era, people had to wait for news to get published in their local news and this news that eventually came to them were filtered and edited to ensure that people heardRead MoreWhy Democracy Needs an Investigative Journalism1815 Words   |  8 PagesDemocracy†. -Thomas Jefferson In the world we are living today, investigative journalism is becoming a significant part in our daily lives as it informs, unleash and reveals us the happenings in our community, society, government and in the country. Having the democracy to exercise and express our freedom of the press, which was have been suppressed before, during the Marcos regime, we can say that the Philippine news media’s role is critical to the advancement and preservation of the country’s democraticRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagesnot a rigorous social science theory. In this article, I argue just the opposite, and any attempt to speculate on the future direction of mass communication theory must seriously include the uses and gratifications approach. In this article, I assert that the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communicationsRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesBusiness and Magazine Journalism (combination of Niche I and II) 1 Growing importance of business journalism, a brief history (2) 2 The structure of financial management in the country starting with the Finance Minister, (5) rest of the bureaucracy, RBI governor, Planning Commission, SEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressingRead More The Influence of the Media on Politics Essays4124 Words   |  17 PagesInfluence of the Media on Politics Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one. This quote by A.J. Liebling illustrates the reality of where the media stands in todays society. Over the past twenty years there has been an increase in power throughout the media with regard to politics. The medias original purpose was to inform the public of the relevant events that occurred around the world. The job of the media is to search out the truth and relay that news to the people.Read MoreHegemony and Discourse : Negotiating Cultural Relationships Through Media Production8970 Words   |  36 PagesJournalism http://jou.sagepub.com/ Hegemony and discourse : Negotiating cultural relationships through media production Michael Robert Evans Journalism 2002 3: 309 DOI: 10.1177/146488490200300302 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jou.sagepub.com/content/3/3/309 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journalism can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jou.sagepub.com/subscriptionsRead MoreEffects of the Social Media on Relationship Trends of University Students9686 Words   |  39 PagesNAME OF PROJECT: THE EFFECTS OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA ON RELATIONSHIP TRENDS BY: SARAI WANJIKU NJENGA I.D # : 621920 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE JOURNALISM PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE JRN 3024 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH USIU JOURNALISM PROGRAM 2011 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this is my original work. It has not been presented to any other institution for any other purpose. Name : Sarai Wanjiku Njenga Signature : ____________________ Read MoreEssay on The Media Violence Debate3490 Words   |  14 PagesTHE MEDIA VIOLENCE DEBATE Introduction Television and video games are favorite ways teenagers spend their leisure hours. Parents and teens themselves have wondered about their effects because of numerous concerns raised with regards to the negative influences that these form of entertainment bring. Many of today’s children grow up with a television at home or even in their own rooms and there have been studies dedicated to the analysisRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 Pagesthe United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and SportscastingRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagesthe United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and Sportscasting

Business Relationships Within A Business Network Context

1. Acs, Z.J., Morck, R.K. and Yeung, B. (2001), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, globalisation, and public policy†, Journal of International Management, 7, pp. 235-51. 2. Alvarez, S.A. Busenitz L.W., (2001) The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), p. 755-775 3. Anderson, J., Hakansson, H. and Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), p.1. 4. Andersson, S. Ingemar W. (2003) Innovative Internationalisation in New firms: Born Globals - the Swedish Case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp. 249–276. 5. Andersson, S. (2000) The internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective. International Studies of Management and†¦show more content†¦(1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99-120. 11. Beamish, P., Lee C. (2003) The Characteristics and Performance of Affiliates of Small and Medium-Size Multinational Enterprises in an Emerging Market. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, pp. 121–134. 12. Bloodgood, J.M., Sapienza H.J., Almeida J.G.(1996) The internationalization of new high-potential U.S. ventures: antecedents and outcomes. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20 (4), pp. 61-76 13. Boter, H. and Holmquist, C. (1996). Industry characteristics and internationalization processes in small firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), pp.471-487. 14. Cerrato, D. and Piva, M. (2010). The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: the effect of family management, human capital and foreign ownership. Journal of Management Governance, 16(4), pp.617-644. 15. Chang, J. (2011). The early and rapid internationalization of Asian emerging MNEs. Competitiveness Review, 21(2), pp.171-187. 16. Child, J. and Rodrigues, S. (2005). The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?[1]. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), pp.381-410. 17. Chua, J., Chrisman, J. and Steier, L. (2003). Extending the Theoretical Horizons of Family Business Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), pp.331-338. 18. Cieslik, J. And Kaciak, E. (2009). The Speed of Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Start-Ups in

Iran nuclear deal Free Essays

Iran’s Nuclear Deal: Challenges and Opportunities Air Commodore (R) Khalid Iqbal These days, almost everyone is curious about an erratic and hence potentially troublesome nuclear deal reached between Iran and the P 5+1 (read America). Soon after the agreement, the two sides have begun interpreting it in opposite directions. Americans are claiming that Iran would have to significantly roll back its nuclear programme, whereas Iranian interpretation does not endorse this point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Iran nuclear deal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon the IAEA’s version would start pouring in to further compound the confusion. Moreover, Obama may not be able to hold the Israeli pressure and congressional dynamics. Hence, America may backtrack. Immediately after the agreement, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov summarized the deal as: â€Å"This deal means that we agree that it is necessary to recognize Iran’s right to peaceful atoms, including the right to enrichment, provided that the questions that remain to the Iranian nuclear programme and the programme itself come under strict control of the IAEA. This is the final goal, but it has already been set in today’s document. The opponents of the deal insist that Iran has retained its potential to create a nuclear weapon. The whole of its Uranium enrichment infrastructure remains intact. A disappointed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: â€Å"l emphasize: the deal does not envisage the elimination of a single centrifuge. † Many experts are of the view that Iran’s large nuclear infrastructure, which consists of so me 17,000 enrichment centrifuges, is needed if a country has 12-15 operating nuclear plants which have to be supplied with fuel rods. Of now Iran has only one nuclear power plant, in Bushehr, which receives its fuel from Russia. Iran has agreed to stringent intrusive monitoring and control procedures employing video cameras, meters and snap inspections. Interestingly it has been allowed to manufacture centrifuges to replace those becoming non-functional. The number would however stay constant. Iran had never put forward its claim to the necessity of nuclear weapons; it had all along been advocating a WMD free zone in the Middle East. According to the details of the agreement, Iran will halt enrichment of uranium above 5 percent purity for the next six months, retain half of its 20 percent enriched Uranium and dispose off emaining half by diluting it to less than 5 percent enrichment level. Iran has agreed that it will not make any further advances of its activities at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant, Fordow, or the Arak reactor. However, Iran will continue its safeguarded R;D practices, including its current enrichment R; D practices, which are not designed for accumulation of the enriched Uranium. It will not construct any additional facility capable of reprocessing. In addition, its nuclear facilities in Fordo and Natanz will come under the IAEA control, while the construction of a heavy-water greement, to be negotiated within one year after implementation of interim agreement, Iran’s nuclear would be treated at par with other NNWS member of the NPT. In return for the interim agreement, the P5+1 group, (read the United States and the ELI), have agreed to ease some of the sanctions against Iran. This will allow Iran to resume limited trade relations with the United States in the oil and gas, petrochemical and automotive sectors as well as trading in gold and precious metals. The resulting benefit for Iran will amount to $5-7 billion. Indeed in the aftermath of his agreement, many bluffs have been called. Iran stands on high moral ground because its long-time stance of not building nuclear weapons stands validated. However, Iranians are known for their farsightedness and shrewd diplomacy; it would be naive to believe that they have signed an agreement for grabbing Just IJS$ 7 billion. Likewise, Americans are also no raw to let Iran retain critical capability of enriching Uranium up to 20 percent mark and remain content with cosmetic un-enriching of already enriched Uranium. Mark Urban’s story aired on BBC on November 06, that Pakistan has given final touches to he nuclear weapons in compliance to the Saudi order and, proverbially, the caravan of camels carrying the nukes would start marching towards Saudi Arabia on Kings wink of eye, has fallen flat on the ground. Like Iran, Saudi Arabia is also a signatory and compliant of the NPT, and it has also never strived for any nuclear pursuits beyond its obligations as a NNWS member of the NPT. The interim nuclear understanding has indeed thrown up an opportunity for the Americans to recede from their position of untenable rhetoric and retool their relations with Iran. Since the fall of Iranian monarchy, America has been running rom pillar to post for discovering its new sustainable and robust moorings in Asia in general and in the Middle East in particular. It has not been able to find a substitute to â€Å"Shah’s Iran†. Sustainable and functional Iran-US relations could offer much relief to America in many ways. America needs to shed at least a bit of Israeli baggage to make way for some patchy and truncated Palestinian state. Moreover, America is looking for a face saving political settlement in Syria, which also needs Iranian cooperation. Furthermore, Iranian influence in Afghanistan gives it a spoiler’s role in the context 2 of post 2014 Afghanistan. The interim nuclear agreement with Iran provides America an opportunity of harnessing Iranian help in achieving these objectives. Iran has recently inaugurated Afghanistan’s alternative access to warm waters via Chahbahar. Americans are desperate to find an alternative to their troublesome supply routes passing through Pakistan as well as the circuitous and expensive Northern Distribution Network. American relationship with Saudi Arabia is on decline and Saudis are further unhappy with the US for not doing enough against Iran. America’s rapprochement with Iran would offset its critical dependence on Saudi Arabia. As of now, the US is coping with its politico-military failures in Iraq and Afghanistan. llies that would like to drag the United States into military operations in Libya and Syria – a hard sell to a common American. With most of the Arab countries consumed by the strains of the Arab spring, America may be feeling the necessity to reconfgure the Middle East. These constraints might have prompted the US to engage with Iran, which may be ready to own Shah’s vision of becoming a policeman of the Gulf. If so, such a move could restore pre 1979 the balance of power in the Middle East, when Iran served as a linchpin of Gulf security. America’s attitude to the Iranian nuclear program has undergone a sudden change and the nuclear deal could herald a change of balance of power in the Middle East. It may be an equivalent of America’s unprecedented rapprochement in its relations with the Communist China in 1970. Agreement provides a window of opportunity to revive the IPl project. Iran and Pakistan have already decided to fast track the IP portion of the project. There are indicators that donors are now showing willingness to fund the IP project. However, even if India Jumps in, Pakistan should go for completing the IP first, and later lay dditional pipeline for India. IP should not be delayed for reverting back to the integrated IPl version. Pakistan had persistently urged for a non-military solution to the standoff over Iran’s nuclear programme. It has, therefore, welcomed the interim arrangement. Events unfolding during the next six months would be crucial. Pakistan needs to be watchful and prepared to confront malicious attempts to drag it into nuclear controversies. 3 {Carried by the Nation on December 02, 2013 under the heading: A Leap Forward}. Writer is Consultant Policy Email:Khalid3408@gmail. com and 4 Strategic Response at IPRI. How to cite Iran nuclear deal, Papers

The Term Market Positioning Strategy

Question: Discuss the term market positioning strategy. Answer: The term market positioning strategy is defined as the effort put on in order to influence the perception of the individuals about a particular brand or product compared to the perception of the consumers about the other competing brands or products (Hollensen, 2015). The objective of designing a market positioning strategy is to occupy a unique, clear and advantageous position in the market. According to Wilson and Gilligan (2012), the most relevant marketing dimensions that can be used for Cialis, in order to create useful segments can be classified in two categories, Demographic and Psychographic. The demographic segment contains age, marital status, income, education and occupational structure. On the other hand, the psychographic segments include values and patterns of usage. Age is considered to be a dimension that can be valued as it has a strong correlation with the erectile disorder disease. On the other hand, it is also evident from the data that most of the men who are suffering from erectile disorder are either, married or living together with their partner. Depending on the patterns of the male population with erectile disorder can broadly be divided into three segments namely the young adults, stable husbands and the retired seniors (Foxall, 2014). This segmentation is done purely done by taking into account the income and the educational qualification of the individuals as this determines the purchasing power of the consumers. Based on the segmentation above the company will address the stable husbands. As the retired seniors are the one who are mostly subject to erectile dysfunction, they are the most lucrative target for the company. Therefore, addressing them will give rise to a head to head competition with a renowned brand such as Viagra. Thus, the company has selected the category of stable husbands with erectile dysfunction. According to the data provided in the case study, among all men between the age group of 30-65 in USA and Europe, nearly 15% suffers from erectile dysfunction. As more than 150 million men all over the world suffer from chronic erectile disorder the company will be able to target nearly 22.5 million of men with erectile disorder along with some of them with moderate or lower erectile disorder (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). The main analysis that the company will have to perform is that, to find out the total number of married persons and the number of persons living with their partners and the purchasing power of them. This will allow the company to address a appropriate segment of the market that has been dominated by Viagra. Again, as the men with erectile dysfunction ranges from newlyweds to the golden wedding stages, this signifies that these men will naturally value the stability of their relationship and the accomplishment. The ability to perform sexual activities of the husbands when gets lowered, they starts to feel incompetent and losses confidence in their daily life as well. As a result, they lose focus on their daily duties (Pealoza, Toulouse Visconti, 2013). This remarkable trait will help Cialis to succeed in this segment. In addition to this, it can easily be assumed that the persons with erectile dysfunction at this age are more likely to be a Viagra dropout or currently using Viagra. Therefore, it can be said that the safe nitrate level of Cialis will help them to gain an added advantage from these segment of population (Ofek, 2006). According to Nordhielm and Depena-Baron (2013), the drug will not only address the stable husbands but also the other potential customers, who are suffering from erectile dysfunctions. These customers are prospective to the company, as they will also spread the long lasting effect of the pill. On an added note, the advantage of this pill is that it can be taken at any point of time not during the time of sexual activities. It also helps the individuals to get satisfied about the course of action without any interruption (Kotler et al., 2016). Moreover, the people who wants want to test the effects of the medicine can also be targeted as the medicine comes with significantly low side effects. Therefore, targeting the young individuals who are in an active sexual relationship will be useful to the company. As these young people constitute a large portion of the population, targeting them will help the company to target a significantly large population. The following steps will determine the market positioning strategy of the company, Target As stated previously the company will target the stable husbands. It can be state from the demographic structure that the men from the age group 30 to 65 are a part of the intricate relationship. Therefore targeting them will yield fruitful results for the company. Frame of Reference The Cialis drug operates in the market of erectile dysfunction patients. In accordance with the data obtained in 2001, the global estimation depicts that there are almost 150 million men who are suffering from erectile dysfunction and they are aged between 40 to 70 (Ofek, 2006). The main competitor in the market is Viagra (Ashman Patterson, 2015). Points of Difference The Cialis drug is different in various aspects; it is effective and lasts for a long time. It is safe to use and the types of food ingested cannot affect its activity. In the context of efficiency, the drug is the most efficient one if compared with any of the prevalent drugs in the market. In order to conclude it can be said that the company has used the most effective marketing mix strategy to determine the market for the Cialis. Again the segmentation as performed by the Cialis has determined the target segment of the stable husbands, however, the case study suggests that the company may also target the young individuals as well (Nna et al., 2014). As these persons are actively involved in sexual activities, they will be a prospective source of customers to the company. As the market positioning strategy of the company is perfectly designed, it can be expected that the company will obviously get prosperous results in near future. Reference List Ashman, R., Patterson, A. (2015). Seeing the big picture in services marketing research: infographics, SEM and data visualisation.Journal of Services Marketing,29(6/7), 613-621. Foxall, G. (2014).Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2016).Marketing management. Pearson. Mudie, P., Pirrie, A. (2012).Services marketing management. Routledge. Nna, V. U., Ani, E. J., Ofutet, E. O., Ofem, O. E., Iroh, C. E., Osim, E. E. (2014). Recurrent side effects following chronic recreational use of sexual stimulants among male subjects in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.Der Pharmacia Lettre,6(6), 56-61. Nordhielm, C., Depena-Baron, M. (2013).Marketing management: The big picture. Wiley Global Education. Ofek, E. (2006). Product team Cialis: Getting ready to market. Harvard Business School. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N., Visconti, L. M. (Eds.). (2013).Marketing management: A cultural perspective. Routledge. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.